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Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and changing tendency of urinary tract stones.Methods From January 2011 to May 2017,clinical data of 15 269 patients treated in our center was retrospectively reviewed.The stone components were detected by the automatic stone infrared spectroscopy system and the predominant components were recorded.There were 9 019 male patients and 6 250 female patients.The patients were divided into four groups according to their age,including group A ≤ 18 years;group B 19-40 years;group C 41-60 years;and group D ＞ 60 years.Compared the distribution characteristics of urinary tract stones of patient in different groups of sex,age and calendar year.Results Calcium oxalate stones were more prevalent in males than females [6 221 (69.0％)vs.3 582 (57.3％),P ＜ 0.001],but calcium phosphate stones [210 (3.4％) vs.210 (2.3％)],magnesium ammonium phosphate stones [230(3.7％) vs.165 (1.8％)] and carbonate apatite stones [1 328 (21.3％) vs.1 030 (11.4％)] were more common in females than males (P ＜ 0.001,respectively).The proportion of uric acid stones in group D [679(20.7％)] was higher than that in group A [23(9.1％)],group B[260(7.9％)],group C [1 163 (13.8％)] (P ＜0.001,respectively).The peak of carbonate apatite stones was showed in group B [652(19.7％)] (P＜0.001,respectively).Ammonium urate stones [9(3.5％)] and cystine stones [36 (14.2％)] were more frequent in group A(P ＜0.001,respectively).In adults,the percentage of uric acid stones increased with age,such as group B [260(7.9％)],group C [1 163(13.8％)],group D [679 (20.7％)].And the carbonated apatite stones decreased with age,such as group B [652 (19.7％)],group C [1 270(15.1％)],group D [416(12.7％)] (P ＜0.001,respectively).Further analysis showed the proportion of calc ium oxalate (OR =0.944,95 ％ CI 0.927-0.962,P ＜ 0.001),ammonium urate stones (OR =0.854,95％ CI 0.742-0.982,P =0.027) decreased,while calcium phosphate (OR =1.192,95％ CI 1.127-1.261,P ＜0.001),uric acid (OR =1.042,95％ CI 1.015-1.069,P =0.002) and ammonium magnesium phosphate (OR =1.078,95％ CI 1.019-1.141,P =0.009) stones increased with time.Conclusions The distribution of stones was different in genders and age.Calcium oxalate stones were more common in male patients,while ammonium magnesium phosphate and carbonate apatite stones were more common in female patients.Uric acid stones were more frequent in patients older than 60,while carbonate apatite were more frequent in the 19-40 age group.The proportion of calcium oxalate and ammonium urate stones showed a downward trend,whereas calcium phosphate,uric acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones increased with time.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma.MethodsFrom September 2010 to October 2011,morning voiding urine of 27 patients with suspected urothelial carcinoma was collected for FISH examination.The results of FISH examination were compared with the results of pathological examination by endoscopic biopsy.Both sensitivity and specificity were compared respectively,and the cost of each kind of examination was also considered.ResultsOf 27 cases,pathological examination by endoscopic biopsy revealed 11 cases of urothelial carcinoma,FISH examination showed 9 cases of urothelial carcinoma,but only 7 cases in these 11 cases.The overall sensitivity of FISH examination was 63.6％ (7/11 ),the specificity was 87.5％(14/16).The cost per case of FISH examination (3100 yuan) was 3.1 times of pathological examination by endoscopic biopsy( 1000 yuan).ConclusionsIt showed that there is no advantage of FISH examination for diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma considering both the sensitivity and specificity,and the cost is also higher than that of pathological examination by endoscopic biopsy.It should be evaluated further when FISH examination is widely used in clinic.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based method for efficient determination of melamine in urinary calculi in children taking melamine-contaminated formula milk powder.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>LC/MS was employed to determine the contents of melamine in urinary calculi surgically removed from 17 children with a history of taking melamine-contaminated milk powder and in 4 samples of uric acid stone from adults. The positive ionization mode of electro-spray ionization source was used, and the limit of melamine determination was 0.1 mg/kg.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No melamine was detected in the 4 uric acid stone samples from adults. Melamine was detected in 4 samples of urinary calculi from the 17 children, with the concentration ranging from 0.8 to 64 mg/lkg.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LC/MS is simple and effective for detecting melamine in urinary calculi, which is helpful to the treatment and follow-up.</p>
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Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Dairy Products , Food Contamination , Mass Spectrometry , Methods , Triazines , Urinary Calculi , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To study the expression of PARP and its effect on apoptosis and proliferation in androgen dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells.Methods The expression of PARP in a LNCaP cell line with or without PARP inhibitor 5-AIQ was measured by Western blot.The effect of 5-AIQ on the proliferation of LNCaP cells was analyzed with MTS assay,and flow cytometry analysis was performed to assess the apoptosis of LNCAP cells induced by 5-AIQ treatments.Results The protein expression of PARP in LNCaP cell line decreased to 65.3％ or 22.4％ in the 5-AIQ treatment group (500 μmol/L or 1000 μmol/L) respectively,which was obviously suppressed compared with the blank group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).When 5-AIQ was applied,from 200 to 1000 μ mol/L,the inhibition ratio of the proliferation of LNCaP cells was increased from (2.85±2.03)％ to (41.23 ±5.42)％,(2.85 ±2.03)％ to (41.23 ±5.42)％,or (25.67 ±0.63 ) ％ to (65.81 ± 1.62 ) ％ after treatment for 24 h,48 h and 72 h.The growth of LNCaP cells was significantly inhibited compared with the blank group in a dose-time-effect relationship ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Flow cytometry analysis showed that the number of apoptosis cells in early,late and total phase induced by different doses (500 μ mol/L or 1000 μmol/L) of 5-AIQ after 48 h were 23.6％,4.6％,28.2％ and 31.8％,6.3 ％,38.1％ respectively,which was significantly higher than those in the blank group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The expression of PARP in LNCaP cell line was suppressed by PARP inhibitor 5-AIQ,which can both inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of the LNCaP cell line.PARP is expected to become a new therapeutic target for prostate cancer in the future.